Free Space Optical systems (FSO) for 5G and beyond

Abstract

This thesis investigates Free Space Optical (FSO) communication systems—an emerging high-speed, wireless technology that uses laser or LED beams to transmit data without physical cables. FSO systems are well suited for the high bandwidth and low latency demands of 5G and future 6G networks. They offer key advantages such as high data rates, secure narrow beams, fast deployment, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, they are highly affected by atmospheric factors like fog and turbulence. The study includes a detailed theoretical analysis (QAM/OFDM modulation, atmospheric modeling, noise, attenuation) combined with practical simulations using OptiSystem. Results focus on key metrics such as BER, Q-factor, and performance under varying weather conditions. The thesis concludes that FSO is a critical technology to complement 5G infrastructure, particularly in remote areas, smart cities, and emergency networks